Surgical procedure — tendon lengthening
A surgical lengthening of the Achilles (heel-cord) tendon to correct a fixed equinus (“tiptoe”) contracture wh
Management strategy — monitoring
Closely monitoring a low-risk or slow-growing cancer with regular tests instead of treating it right away — av
Integrative therapy — symptom management
A complementary therapy — used alongside cancer treatment, not instead of it — with the strongest evidence for
Daily therapy — airway clearance
A set of daily techniques and devices that loosen and move the thick mucus out of the lungs in cystic fibrosis
Medication — targeted chemotherapy delivery
A targeting antibody chemically linked to a potent chemotherapy payload — it homes in on a protein on cancer c
Surgical procedure — soft-tissue (calf-muscle) lengthening
A surgical lengthening of the tight calf (gastrocnemius) muscle to correct a fixed “tiptoe” contracture (equin
Surgical procedure — tumor removal
The physical removal of a tumor — and, when needed, a margin of nearby tissue and lymph nodes — still the sing
Medication — immunotherapy (vaccine)
Vaccines that either prevent cancer-causing infections or train the immune system to recognize and attack an e
Cellular therapy — CAR-T immunotherapy
A one-time therapy that re-engineers a patient’s own T-cells to recognize and kill B-ALL cells — a breakthroug
Medication — CFTR modulator (disease-modifying)
Pills that fix the faulty CFTR protein at the root of cystic fibrosis — the first therapies to treat the under
Medication — chemotherapy
Drugs that kill or slow rapidly dividing cancer cells throughout the body — the mainstay of systemic cancer tr
Medication — chemotherapy
The backbone of B-ALL treatment — a carefully sequenced combination of chemotherapy drugs given in phases over
Guidance — using non-standard therapies safely
The single most important distinction in this area: “complementary” therapies are used alongside proven cancer
Supportive care — physical activity
One of the best-supported supportive therapies in oncology: appropriately tailored exercise reduces cancer-rel
Integrative therapy — use with caution
Many people with cancer take herbs, vitamins or supplements — but “natural” does not mean safe: several can in
Medication — hormone therapy
Treatment that lowers hormone levels or blocks hormone signaling to slow cancers that are fueled by hormones —
Medication — immunotherapy
Antibodies that release the “brakes” on the immune system so the body’s own T-cells can recognize and attack c
Medication — immunotherapy
Antibody-based drugs that harness or target the immune system to kill B-ALL cells — used for relapsed, refract
Medication — inhaled (nebulized/dry powder)
Antibiotics breathed directly into the lungs to control chronic airway infection — especially Pseudomonas aeru
Medication — inhaled (nebulized)
Nebulized medicines that thin and loosen the thick CF mucus so airway clearance works better and the lungs sta
Surgical procedure — organ transplant
Replacing both diseased lungs with healthy donor lungs — an option for people with cystic fibrosis whose lung
Integrative therapy — symptom management
A complementary therapy that can reduce anxiety, pain and fatigue and improve quality of life during cancer tr
Integrative therapy — symptom management
Cannabis-based products and prescription cannabinoids are used mainly to help with treatment-related nausea, a
Integrative therapy — stress & symptom management
Practices that link mental focus, breathing and gentle movement to reduce anxiety, depression, stress and fati
Integrative therapy — emotional & symptom support
Structured creative-arts therapies, led by credentialed therapists, that help reduce anxiety, distress and pai
Supportive care — nutrition
Good nutrition supports strength, treatment tolerance and recovery — but no diet or fasting regimen is proven
Therapy — nutrition & diet
The eating and supplement plan that keeps people with CF nourished — historically a high-calorie, high-fat die
Supportive care — symptom & quality-of-life management
Specialized care focused on relieving symptoms, side effects and stress at any stage of cancer — given alongsi
Medication — enzyme replacement
Capsules of digestive enzymes taken with food so people with CF can absorb fat, protein, and vitamins — becaus
Procedure — light-activated treatment
A photosensitizing drug is given, collects in cancer cells, and is then switched on by a specific wavelength o
Procedure — radiation treatment (protons)
A form of radiation that uses protons instead of X-rays; because protons deposit most of their energy at a set
Procedure — radiation treatment
High-energy radiation aimed precisely at a tumor to damage cancer cells’ DNA so they can’t keep growing — used
Non-surgical procedure — progressive casting
A non-surgical way to gradually stretch a tight muscle or joint by applying a series of casts, each one nudgin
Surgical procedure — spine
A major surgery that permanently joins (fuses) two or more vertebrae with implants and bone graft to correct a
Procedure — stem-cell transplant
Replacing diseased bone marrow with healthy blood-forming stem cells from a donor — used to consolidate remiss
Medication — targeted therapy
Drugs designed to block the specific genes, proteins or signals a particular cancer depends on — precision tre
Procedure — image-guided tumor destruction
Destroying a small tumor in place with heat, cold or other energy delivered through a needle-like probe — an o
Medication — targeted therapy
Targeted pills that block the abnormal BCR-ABL1 protein driving Philadelphia-chromosome–positive (Ph+) leukemi
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